The 2018 torrential rains in western Japan killed 51 people in the Kurashiki City town of Mabi in Okayama Prefecture. Many of the victims drowned on the first floor of their home despite having a second story available. Why weren't they able to evacuate? A simulation of the flooding revealed that flood waters rose at a much faster rate than initially expected, highlighting the importance of early evacuation during heavy rain and flooding. Meanwhile, home builders have been developing completely new houses that prevent damage from flooding. In this program, we'll take a closer look at the threat of home flooding as well as some of the latest countermeasures.

The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 caused unprecedented damage. Even areas 300 kilometers away from the epicenter suffered damages beyond what was predicted. A phenomenon called soil liquefaction occurred over a large area. Some 27,000 structures sank or tilted, causing massive damage. The city of Urayasu in Chiba Prefecture was particularly affected. Surveys later revealed that the city had all the criteria for liquefaction to occur. The key was groundwater depth. Find out the mechanism of liquefaction and the latest mitigation technology.

Linear rainbands. Once they occur, the area is hit with heavy downpour for an extended period of time, resulting in flood damage. In Japan, this phenomenon has been drawing attention ever since it struck in 2014, bringing torrential rainfall to Hiroshima Prefecture. While various studies led by the Japan Meteorological Agency are underway, it is still difficult to make accurate forecasts of linear rainbands at this point. When and where do linear rainbands occur? The mechanisms are still not understood. Find out how researchers are taking on the challenge to predict linear rainbands by accurately observing the location and the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere and performing rapid calculations.

When a typhoon or similar storm approaches, air pressure drops and the sea surface is sucked up. Strong winds also push seawater towards the shore. These factors combine to create a storm surge, a rise in the sea level that often results in coastal flooding. As an island nation, Japan is particularly vulnerable to storm surges. What will happen to the power of storm surges as climate change progresses? According to the latest research, the damage caused by storm surges is expected to become more severe, while the frequency of "once-in-50-year" storm surges may increase. We'll introduce some of latest measures to cope with this prospect.

One of the most important things to do to save lives from a major tsunami is to evacuate to safety as soon as possible. The key to this is fast and accurate tsunami information. Once a life-threatening tsunami is detected, people living in risk areas have to evacuate to a place where they can escape from tsunami damage. After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, Japan has established a large-scale tsunami observation network on the ocean floor and is working to disseminate accurate and prompt tsunami information.

River flooding happens when heavy rain causes river levels to rise and overflow with large amounts of water. In recent years in Japan, a weather phenomenon known as "linear rainbands" has led to frequent torrential rain and the flooding of rivers. River flooding comes in two forms, and when one accompanies the other, the damage also grows more intense. Knowing the risks in the areas we call home and swiftly fleeing to a safe evacuation site in times of emergency are what is most needed to save lives. We will introduce tools with the latest digital technology that are effective for this purpose.

Droughts are increasing due to global warming. The latest simulations predict that megadroughts could occur along the Mediterranean coast and the west coast of the US. Now, Japan's cutting-edge technology is attracting attention as a solution to water scarcity. In Saudi Arabia, there are high hopes for using a filter developed by Shinshu University that removes over 99% of salt content from seawater. Meanwhile, Egypt is looking into a water dispenser developed by a Japanese venture company which produces drinking water from air.

Be earthquake-ready! Learn survival tips for quakes and when you're trapped under rubble. You'll want to watch this before your next trip to Japan.

What does it take to survive a flood? Japan has developed survival skills for floods through experiences such as typhoons. Find out how to safely navigate flooded streets and escape sinking cars.